IDENTICAL ( monozygotic) twins
- They may be two survivors of a monozygotic triplet or even a quadruplet set.
- There could have been a third, non-identical embryo that was there for just a little while. That is common in IVF where more than one embryo is transferred. Monozygotic twins are more often found in IVF pregnancies than naturally conceived pregnancies.
- There may have been an extra non-identical embryo (or more than one) that only lived for a little while
- One of the twins may be the sole survivor of a monozygotic pair
- Each twin may be the survivor of a different monozygotic pair (originally a quadruplet pregnancy)
We now know that the loss of a womb mate before birth has a profound physical and psychological effect on the survivor and that effect varies with zygosity. That means that fraternal twins may include a monozygotic womb twin survivor, and it is known that monozygotic womb twin survivors are at particular risk of such things as cerebral palsy and developmental abnormalities such as split organs. This is not mention the psychological effects, which the WombTwin research project has only just begun to explore. (More here)
Twin research is at risk of getting false results if they dont take this important factor into account.
From what I can tell, the definition of a twin in this sense is:
ReplyDeleteOne of two children produced in the same pregnancy and born during the same birth process. (www.medterms.com)
That in itself seems a strange definition as it implies both children need to be born in order to be twins. Surely being produced in the same pregnancy would mean they're twins at that point in time (if not forever).
'How Humans Are Made' by Charles Boklage has an interesting chapter named 'Most twins (products of twin embryogenesis) are not twins (born as members of double pregnancies)'. That seems to illustrate the confusion pretty well : )
I would go back to conception in order to include womb twin survivors. It's a fascinating task, to try and define a twin!
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